Neil’s Water Conservation Tips

This is a topic that’s been on my mind since I was a young gardener, and I try to address it each summer. That’s because here in Texas, even when it’s raining, you never really know when the next drought might be starting.

Sprinkler Systems
• Work with a licensed irrigation contractor for all new installations, as well as repairs to existing systems.

• It’s best to water deeply, then let the soil dry before watering again. That encourages deeper, better root development on all plants.

• Learn to recognize signs of dry plants (subtle changes in color, wilting, folding or rolling of leaves). Wait until you see those symptoms before allowing sprinklers to run. We Texans have historically overwatered our landscapes and lawns.

• Your licensed irrigator may suggest bubblers, low-angle and other water-conserving options. New concepts in water conservation are being developed constantly, and you may want to retrofit your old system to include them.

• “Smart” controllers do conserve a significant percentage of water used in irrigating landscapes and lawns – if they are installed by a licensed irrigation contractor, if their operation is explained to you, and if the systems are maintained properly. We had them installed on our systems several years ago and they reduced our summertime water consumption (and therefore our water bills) by almost 50 percent, while at the same time our landscape actually performed far better. Equal amounts of rainfall.

• Conduct an irrigation audit. Have someone advance your system station-by-station as you check all heads for proper operation. I do this annually, and I’m always amazed at all the changes and adjustments we have to make.

• Heads, plants, exposure and soils vary within the same landscape. Adjust your system so that all stations will dry out at approximately the same rate. This will require periodic changes in the time settings. It is quite likely that each station will run for a different length of time in order to water to the same depth.

• Watering frequency will vary greatly from season-to-season. It is very likely, for example, that you may not have to run sprinklers at all during normal winters. Do not leave sprinkler timers set on regular intervals (“every day,” “every two days,” etc.). It would be better to leave them in the “Manual” mode, so that you can determine when they need to run.

• If a station appears to have very low water pressure, it is likely that there is a broken pipe or head that is allowing most of the water to leak. Check all of the heads on that station, and make any necessary repairs.

• Sprinkler heads that are not spraying evenly may be partially or totally clogged. Unscrew the head and rinse out its filter/strainer. Be sure the head is properly aligned as you reassemble it.

• Trim grass, shrub or groundcover growth away from heads that are partially blocked. If necessary, raise the heads by installing short extenders.

• If you find wet spots in your lawn or landscape several days after you water, there is probably a valve that is not closing completely. The leak will be slow, and it will be from the lowest head on the station. (Note: the valve at fault may be at some distance from the wet spot.)

Turf Management

• Choose a drought-tolerant type of turfgrass. Bermuda and buffalograss are equally drought-tolerant. However, bermuda is the more dominant grass of the two. If bermuda is being grown in, or is native to, your neighborhood stick with it. You’ll end up with it eventually anyway.

• Note that bermuda requires 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. If you have only 5 to 6 hours, St. Augustine would be your alternative. While St. Augustine does require more water than bermuda, most people apply much more than it really needs. If St. Augustine is your only alternative due to shade, learn to water it prudently.

• Mow your lawn at the height recommended for the type of turf that you’re growing. Allowing the grass to grow taller does not improve its ability to withstand heat, cold or drought. Tall grass becomes weak grass, and that quickly invites competing weeds.

• Learn to recognize signs of dry turf. Bermuda will turn olive-drab in hot, sunny locations. Its blades will roll. Zoysias react similarly. St. Augustine will turn to a darker, dull and glossy green shade, and its blades will fold. If you leave “footprints” in the turfgrass blades as you walk across the lawn, the grass is dry.

• Use labeled herbicides to reduce populations of water-consuming weeds. Your Texas Certified Nursery Professional or gardening expert from an independent local hardware store can advise you of the best types for your weeds. Some types may need to be removed manually. Remember that the best weed control program is usually to keep your lawn healthy and dense so that weeds never get a chance to start.

• Water your lawn in the early morning. Winds are lightest then, so coverage will be most uniform. Humidities are higher, so less water will be lost to evaporation. Evening waterings have most of those same benefits, but leaving turf wet overnight may lead to diseases.

Landscaping

• Choose water-conscious plants. That doesn’t necessarily translate into “native” plants. It’s best to ask your Texas Certified Nursery Professional for plants that are adapted to your locale and your specific landscaping needs, regardless of where they are native. Concentrate on plants that are able to withstand periods of drought without excessive consumption of water. What you really want is “adapted” plants.

• Reduce the percentage of your landscaping footprint that is planted into growing plants by use of mulched beds, decorative stones and other hard surfaces. The final look can be just as appealing, but water consumption can be cut.

• Use gray water (from the clothes washer, for example) to irrigate landscape plants whenever possible. Rain barrels and cisterns can help by capturing rainfall, although it may take several/many vessels to provide a meaningful supply.

• Prepare the planting soil carefully, especially for plants that will be comparatively small at maturity (annuals, perennials, groundcovers and low shrubs). Ask your Texas Certified Nursery Professional to help you choose the best amendments to improve your soil, allowing better water penetration into clays and better moisture retention in sands.

• Create a water basin around each new plant. That will allow you to soak the plant’s soil by hand-watering slowly and deeply with a garden hose, since all of the plant’s roots will be in that original soil ball initially.

• Mulch landscape beds with 2 to 3 inches of organic mulch (compost, bark, shredded tree leaves, etc.). Mulches reduce soil-to-air interfaces. They slow runoff, and they moderate rates at which soils heat up in summer. They also retard germination and growth of weeds, eliminating water the weeds might consume.

• Fertilize landscape plants during spring and fall of dry years, just to keep them healthy and reasonably vigorous. This can be done as you feed your lawn, or you can make separate applications to landscape beds. Use a quality plant food, with half or more of its nitrogen in slow-release form. In periods of extreme drought and water curtailments, reduce recommended rates of application by half.

• Trees compete with turfgrass and shrubs for available water whenever they share the same soil. If, however, you feel that you need to provide water to large trees, do so with a soaker hose. Most of their roots will be in the top foot of soil, so soaking surface applications are best. The roots that will be most efficient in taking up the water will be near the outer edges of the foliar canopy (drip line).

• Young trees (less than 2 or 3 years in your landscape) can be watered via soaker bags placed around their trunks. However, those bags can be costly and it’s just as easy to leave the retention basins in place and fill them as needed. Those bags are of almost no value once a tree has become established with roots into surrounding soils.

• Sprinkler irrigation alone will not be adequate for new landscape plants. Supplement sprinkler irrigation by hand-watering their soil balls for the first year. During water curtailments, hand-watering alone will keep the new plantings alive.

• Established landscape shrubs and groundcover beds will dry out more quickly than large trees, and their cumulative value can be significant. However, just a few waterings per summer can save them. They may not grow vigorously given the reduced watering plan, but they can hold their own until better times return. Drip irrigation, soaker hoses or bubblers are efficient ways to deliver the water to them.

• Weeds are notorious wasters of water. Hoe them out, apply a suitable herbicide according to label directions, and mulch to discourage them. Just don’t let them steal water from your valuable landscape plants.

Here’s hoping you have found this information useful. If so, feel free to print this page and save it. Share it with a friend. Send it to your HOA. All I ask is that credit be given to Neil Sperry’s e-gardens weekly newsletter. Sign up at www.neilsperry.com.